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91.
92.
原子吸收光谱法是分析环境水样中金属离子含量的有效方法之一。在测定时往往需要对样品进行前处理,然后再进行测定。文章介绍了近些年较新的一些分离富集技术在原子吸收光谱分析环境中金属离子时的应用,分析了离子交换树脂在样品中金属离子富集分离过程中的研究近况,评述了固相萃取、析相微萃取、单滴液滴微萃取、分散液液微萃取、离子液体萃取、浊点萃取等多种萃取方式在样品预富集中的应用进展,综述了活性炭、纳米粒子、淀粉、分子筛等吸附剂在富集环境水样中金属元素的应用现状,同时还对在线富集技术与流动注射分析技术联用在金属元素分析中的应用进展进行了评述。 相似文献
93.
Yilei Yu Xianfang Song Yinghua Zhang Fandong Zheng Ji Liang Dongmei Han Ying M Hongmei Bu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(9):1754-1763
Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater. 相似文献
94.
Critical velocity in phosphorus exchange processes across the sediment-water interface 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Sediments are ultimate sinks of nutrients in lakes that record the pollution history evolutionary processes, and anthropogenic activities of a lake. However, sediments are considered as inner sources of environmental factor changes such as the variation in hydrodynamic conditions because of the nutrients they release. How does this process happen? This study investigates a typical nutrient phosphorus (P) exchange among sediment, suspended particle matter (SPM), and water. Compared with numerical and experimental studies, this study confirms that the critical velocity that occurs at a lower flow rate state exists in the range of 7 to 15 crn/sec. Critical velocity below the critical flow rate promotes the migration of particulate phosphorus (PP) to the SPM. On the other hand, critical velocity above the critical flow rate promotes the release of PP in water. 相似文献
95.
Humic acid superabsorbent polymer (P(AA/AM-HA)) and superabsorbent polymer (P(AA/AM)) were synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization method using acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM) and humic acid (HA) as raw material. The effects of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) crosslinking agent, potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) initiator, reaction temperature, HA content, ratio of AA to AM, concentration of monomer and neutralization of AA on water absorption were investigated. Absorption and desorption ratios of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer were also investigated by determination of absorption and desorption ratio of NH4+, PO43- on P(AA/AM-HA) and P(AA/AM). The P(AA/AM-HA) and P(AA/AM) were characterized by Fourier translation infrared spectroscopy, biological photomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimal conditions obtained were as follows: the weight ratio of MBA to AA and AM was 0.003; the weight ratio of KPS to AA and AM was 0.008; the weight ratio of HA to AA was 0.1; the mole ratio of AM to AA is 0.1; the mole ratio of NaOH to AA is 0.9; the reaction temperature was 60℃. P(AA/AMHA) synthesized under optimal conditions, has a good saline tolerance, its water absorbency in distilled water and 0.9 wt.% saline solution is 1180 g/g and 110 g/g, respectively. P(AA/AM-HA) achieves half saturation in 6.5 min. P(AA/AM-HA) is superior to P(AA/AM) on absorption of NH4+, PO43-. The SEM micrograph of P(AA/AM-HA) shows a fine alveolate structure. The biological optical microscope micrograph of P(AA/AM-HA) shows a network structure. Graft polymerization between P(AA/AM) and HA was demonstrated by infrared spectrum. The P(AA/AM-HA) superabsorbent has better absorbing ability of water and fertilizer, electrolytic tolerance and fewer cost than P(AA/AM) superabsorbent. 相似文献
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98.
Nebil Achour Federica Pascale Andrew D. F. Price Francesco Polverino Kurtulus Aciksari Masakatsu Miyajima 《Environmental Hazards》2016,15(1):74-94
Historically, Turkey has adopted a reactive approach to natural hazards which resulted in significant losses. However, following the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake, a more proactive approach has been adopted. This study aims to explore the way this new approach operates on the ground. A multinational and multidisciplinary team conducted a field investigation following the 2011 Van Earthquake to identify lessons to inform healthcare emergency planning in Turkey and elsewhere. The team interviewed selected stakeholders including, healthcare emergency responders, search and rescue services, ambulance services, and health authority representatives, in addition to conducting a focus group. Data were analysed according to an open coding process and SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) analysis. The findings suggest that the approach succeeded in developing a single vision by consolidating official efforts in a more structured way, mobilising many governmental and non-governmental organisations, securing significant amounts of resources including physical and human, and increasing the resilience and flexibility of infrastructure to expand its capacity. However, more attention is required to the development of stronger management procedures and acquisition of further resources. 相似文献
99.
自然型氨基酸及其钾盐的 CO2吸收和再生特性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
在CO2吸收过程中,选择具有不挥发和不发生氧化降解特性的氨基酸盐吸收剂有助于降低吸收剂损失和减轻环境污染风险,故本研究以CO2吸收速率和再生速率为指标,对L-精氨酸和精氨酸钾(PA)吸收剂的CO2吸收性能和常压下热再生性能进行了实验分析,并研究了吸收剂质量分数、反应温度及吸收-再生循环次数对CO2吸收特性的影响,同时还与乙醇胺(MEA)、二乙醇胺(DEA)和三乙醇胺(TEA)进行了对比分析.结果表明,在实验的质量分数范围内,PA具有最高的CO2吸收速率和吸收能力,分别为24.5×10-3mol.(L.min)-1和1.99 mol.mol-1,比相同质量分数的MEA高2.1%和290.2%.温度影响结果表明,40℃时PA和MEA的CO2吸收速率均高于其他实验温度.相同再生条件下,PA的贫液CO2负荷要略高于MEA,但PA的再生程度可达72.8%,比MEA高19%.同时,3次"吸收-再生"循环之后,10%PA的CO2吸收能力仍可保持在1.03mol.mol-1,比10%MEA高255.2%.实验结果也表明,L-精氨酸具有较强的CO2吸收能力,其CO2吸收速率与同质量分数的DEA可比. 相似文献
100.
新型生物质活性炭烟气脱硫研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以农业废弃物核桃壳为原料,天然软锰矿为添加剂共混制备得到的新型生物质柱状活性炭进行烟气脱硫的性能研究.采用固定床反应器进行脱硫实验,装填活性炭质量为16 g,考察了进口SO2含量、空速、床层温度、水蒸气和氧气含量等工艺参数对活性炭脱硫性能的影响.结果表明,进口SO2含量在0.1%~0.3%(体积含量)范围内时,活性炭的穿透硫容和穿透时间随着进口SO2含量的升高而降低;空速越大,活性炭越容易穿透,较佳的空速为600 h-1;最适的床层温度为80℃,过高会降低脱硫效率;水蒸气和氧气的存在大大促进了活性炭对SO2的吸附性能,最佳水蒸气含量为10%,最佳氧气含量为10%~13%.在最佳工艺操作条件下,当进口SO2含量为0.2%时,活性炭穿透硫容为252 mg.g-1,穿透时间可达26 h. 相似文献